November 2023

We live in an era where data is revered, and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) stand as the treasure trove of invaluable information capable of propelling medical research, enhancing outcomes, and shaping the future of healthcare. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not here to replace anyone but rather to simplify tasks. It is rightly said that the synergy between EHRs and AI has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by streamlining processes, improving precision, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. In this article, let’s explore how EHR and AI collaborate seamlessly and investigate the transformative impact of AI on Electronic Health Records.

 

What are Electronic Health Records

When it comes to patients, their data is of utmost importance. Instead of the traditional method of saving patients’ records by pen on paper, EHRs serve as the digital version of a patient’s medical history. As of January 2022, the global value of Electronic Health Records was approximately $30.9 billion USD.

Let’s travel back in time and understand the journey of EHRs. The traditional means of saving patient records can be traced back to ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. After that, the records were maintained by the clergy. Cut to the 19th century, we saw a significant boom and development in this concept. In the 1970s, the earliest usage and implementation of EHRs took place. The Regenstrief Medical Record System (RMRS) was the earliest electronic medical records system, developed by Dr. Clem McDonald and his colleagues at the Regenstrief Institute in Indianapolis, Indiana. While the term “EHR” dates back to the 1960s, it gained popularity in the 1990s. 

https://www.clinfowiki.org/wiki/index.php/Regenstrief_Medical_Record_System_(RMRS)

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) advocated for the adoption of EHRs in that same decade. In 2004, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) was formed to promote this concept and related technologies, and since then, there has been no looking back. With the widespread use of EHRs, programs were established to ensure meaningful utilization. In the early 2010s, The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services introduced the Meaningful Use Program, further emphasizing the importance of EHRs. In 2015, this program transformed into the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) and the Quality Payment Program (QPP). Post that, the HER industry has always been a boom owing to what it brings to the table.

 

Key Functions of EHRs

 

• Maintain Patient Records: EHRs serve as centralized repositories for patient information in a digital format, enhancing efficiency, security, and seamless access to critical data.
• Real-time Accessibility: Storing data alone is insufficient. In emergencies, timely access to a patient’s history is crucial for effective treatment. Authorized individuals can access this information in real time.
• Order Management: Healthcare providers can efficiently manage and place orders for a wide range of medical services through the EHR system.

Benefits of Electronic Health Records

 

EHRs have played a vital role in enhancing the quality of care, efficiency, and security, among other benefits. They provide easy and rapid access to patient information, streamlining processes.

• EHRs assist providers in effectively diagnosing and treating patients.
• They enhance the privacy and security of patient data.
• E-prescribing is now made easy and hassle-free.
• By automating tasks, EHRs have simplified the lives of administrators.
• They offer clinical decision support.
• EHRs improve patient engagement.
• They foster research and analytics.
• Reducing costs through paperwork reduction.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence in Electronic Health Records

 

Technically, AI and EHRs have grown in tandem. Here’s an overview

• The early 1970s marked the foundational phase of EHRs in human history. Despite their computerized nature, these record systems were rudimentary, lacking the sophisticated functions that AI has since mastered.
• In the 1980s, Expert Systems, a branch of AI designed to mimic human decision-making, gained prominence. While a significant leap for the healthcare industry, it primarily laid the groundwork for EHRs in clinical decision-making
• In the subsequent decade, Knowledge-Based Systems began yielding results, prompting experts to integrate them into EHRs.

          https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-is-knowledge-based-system

• The 2000s witnessed remarkable advancements in data storage and processing, providing a green light for AI to analyze valuable healthcare data that EHR has. 
• By the early 2010s, with advancements in Machine Learning and Big Data, AI in EHRs started illuminating data analysis, predictive modeling, and clinical decision support.
• AI thrives on transparency, in 2014, the OpenNotes initiative blossomed, paving the way for the future application of AI in EHRs.

         https://www.opennotes.org/

• A significant stride occurred in 2016 when Google’s DeepMind collaborated with the National Health Service (NHS) to develop Streams, an app utilizing AI to identify individuals at risk of acute kidney diseases. This highlighted the pivotal role of AI in clinical workflows and EHR systems.
• In 2018, a roadmap for the future of AI in EHRs, particularly in diagnostic imaging, took shape following the FDA’s approval of an AI algorithm in radiology.
• Since its inception, AI, especially in healthcare and mainly in EHRs, has experienced unstoppable integration and advancements, promising a bright future. The ongoing developments showcase the transformative journey of AI, turning a basic computerized record into a marvel.

 

Using AI to Improve EHR Systems

• Data Management and organisations 

EHRs generate a vast volume of data encompassing patients’ health, medical history, treatments, and outcomes. The role of AI is pivotal in managing this data by organizing it in a structured manner. Through the use of algorithms, it strategically structures the data, providing significant relief for healthcare providers when accessing and utilizing it efficiently.

• Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Clinical Notes:

AI-powered Natural Language Processing (NLP) extracts information from unstructured clinical notes, transforming it into structured data for analysis. Additionally, it enhances the accuracy of documentation by converting spoken or written language into structured data.

Read more: https://qualetics.com/ai-in-ehrs-using-ai-to-improve-electronic-health-records/#:~:text=AI%20in%20EHRs%20(Electronic%20Health,and%20personalized%20recommendations%20for%20treatments.

• Clinical decision support:

After analyzing the vast datasets, AI can identify patterns. AI-powered EHRs provide healthcare providers with recommendations, enabling well-informed decisions regarding patient health. Epic Systems Corporation is a renowned provider of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Its widely utilized EHR platform, EpicCare, is prominent in hospitals. A notable feature of EpicCare is its Clinical Decision Support, aiding healthcare providers in making well-informed decisions.

• Cybersecurity and Fraud detection

Wherever data exists, the risk of fraud emerges. AI algorithms play a crucial role in identifying fraudulent patterns by thoroughly analyzing data. Furthermore, these algorithms ensure that sensitive data is accessed only by authorized individuals, thereby enhancing security and safeguarding against unauthorized usage.

• Patient engagement and remote monitoring

Leveraging AI in EHRs significantly improves patient engagement and remote monitoring. It enables tailored communication with patients through chatbots and virtual assistance. AI analyzes data from remote monitoring devices, wearables, and smart sensors, facilitating the early detection of health issues and tracking patients’ vital signs and adherence to treatment plans. Predictive analytics are employed for optimizing patient engagement.

 

Furthermore, AI plays a crucial role in analyzing patient behavior, including medication adherence, exercise routines, and lifestyle choices, providing valuable insights into overall well-being. Importantly, these AI-driven processes are conducted through secure transactions, ensuring the confidentiality and privacy of patient information.

 

Read more: https://hbr.org/2018/12/using-ai-to-improve-electronic-health-records

Conclusion 

Certainly, the integration of AI has revolutionized the EHR industry. However, the balance between technological advancement and ethical considerations must be carefully maintained.

Looking ahead, the future envisions continuous growth in AI, with the integration of more sophisticated algorithms to enhance the accessibility of EHRs. NLP will contribute to a deeper understanding of unstructured data. AI will play a pivotal role in overcoming interoperability challenges. The increasing popularity of AI-driven predictive analytics is expected in EHRs.

While the overall future of AI in EHRs is promising, it is imperative to address challenges associated with data privacy, security, and the ethical use of AI in healthcare. Balancing innovation with ethical standards ensures that the benefits of AI are maximized while safeguarding the integrity of patient information and maintaining trust within the healthcare ecosystem. Contact the App-Scoop Vancouver Mobile App Developers for further details.

 

“Health is wealth,” is one of the most widely recognized sayings worldwide. This is because good health empowers you to pursue anything in life. However, when health falters, modern medicine, healthcare, science, and technology provide effective solutions. In cases where medicines fall short, surgeries become a necessary option. Over the years, robotic surgeries have revolutionized medical procedures, making them more accessible and efficient for all.

 

Robotic surgery, a transformative force for over three decades, has significantly impacted the field. Statistics indicate that by the end of 2021, there were over 6,730 da Vinci Surgical systems installed across 69 countries. In 2012 alone, more than 10 million minimally invasive robotic surgical procedures were conducted, along with 1.5 million surgical procedures. Stats even state that the market for surgical robots in 2021 was USD 5.16 bn, and by 2030 it will be worth $ 20.98 bn. In this article let’s understand the basics of robotics and the advancements in it. 

 

https://www.intuitive.com/en-us/products-and-services/da-vinci

 

 

What is Robotics Surgery?

We have only just begun to explore the potential of robotic surgery potential. Dr. Yulun Wang an entrepreneur and engineer is said to have pioneered the concept of robotic surgery showcasing that 

not even the sky is the limit for this. Acknowledging the enormity of surgical procedures is crucial. It’s a high-stakes scenario where precision is paramount – a matter of life and death for the patient. Enter robot-assisted surgery, a marvel that empowers doctors to execute intricate procedures with unparalleled accuracy. This technique entails minimal invasiveness, achieved through minute incisions.

The clinical robotic surgical setup typically comprises a sophisticated mechanical camera and arm, that is manoeuvred by skilled surgeons and physicians. A console gives them a high-definition, magnified view of the surgical site, enhancing their control and precision. 

The parts of robotic surgery usually include

• Surgical Console
  This is where the surgeon sits. It gives a 3D view of the surgical area. The console has controls (like buttons and pedals) that let the surgeon move the robotic arms and instruments.
• Endoscopic Camera
  This camera is put on the robotic arm. It gives a clear and 3D view of the surgical area.
• Robotic Arms
  These are like mechanical arms that hold the surgical tools. They can move like a human wrist and hand.
• Vision System
  It takes the pictures from the endoscopic camera and shows them on the surgical console.
• Communication Systems
  The robot makes sure the surgeon and the team in the operating room can talk in real-time without any problems.
• Robotic cart
  This mobile unit is home to computerized components and controls of the robotic surgical system

Benefits of Robotic Surgery

• It provides an enhanced vision of the surgical site.
• Increases precision and accuracy.
• Reduces risks and complications.
• Reduces blood loss as it is minimally invasive.
• Patients usually experience shorter hospital stays and quicker recovery times.
• Patients feel less pain and discomfort.
• Low infection rate.

Advancements in Robotic Surgery

1. Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR)

This is undoubtedly one of the most remarkable advancements in robotic surgery. Known as the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), it was developed by a group of researchers at Johns Hopkins University. The standout feature is its ability to autonomously perform a laparoscopic procedure. The driving factors behind STAR’s development include the increasing demand for minimally invasive surgeries, technological advancements, enhanced precision and accuracy, reduced surgical time, minimized patient trauma, greater investment in research and development, and growing awareness of the benefits of robotic-assisted surgeries.

https://www.emergenresearch.com/industry-report/smart-tissue-autonomous-robot-market#:~:text=Smart%20Tissue%20Autonomous%20Robot%20(STAR)%2C%20which%20was%20created%20by,assistance%20of%20a%20human%20surgeon.

Surgeries in general can be challenging, particularly in gastrointestinal procedures where joining two ends of the intestine is a complex task. However, a vision-guided device jointly developed by researchers at Children’s National Hospital in Washington, D.C. has made sewing soft tissue significantly less daunting.

Benefits of Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR):

• Reduces the potential for human error.
• Assists in more complex surgical procedures.
• Increases precision and accuracy.
• Facilitates training and education for surgeons.
• Holds promise for future use in remote surgery.
• Reduces mental and physical stress for surgeons.
• Improves surgical outcomes.

Read more: https://www.tricitymed.org/2017/04/3-amazing-advances-robotic-surgery/

     2. Renaissance Guidance System by Mazor Robotics

Addressing issues related to the spine and brain requires surgeries that are conducted with the utmost care and diligence. The Renaissance Guidance System by Mazor Robotics offers comprehensive surgical solutions for spinal procedures. These processes are customized to suit each individual patient. This guidance not only leads to quicker results but also enhances accuracy while reducing the likelihood of complications

https://www.tricitymed.org/medical-services/surgical-services/robotic-surgery/mazor-robotic-surgery/

      3. Single-Port Robot System

Designed to provide 360-degree anatomical access, the single-port robot system features three multi-jointed, wristed instruments and a fully articulated 3D HD camera. This allows urologic surgeons to perform procedures through a single incision. The system is equipped with instruments that facilitate the navigation and manipulation of tissues through a single entry point. This cutting-edge technology minimizes patient discomfort, enabling them to return home on the same day.

It excels in assisting with complex procedures, granting surgeons deep access to various urologic surgical interventions such as:

• Nephrectomy (kidney removal) and partial nephrectomy
• Prostatectomy (prostate removal)
• Pyeloplasty/Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) obstruction surgery

     4. Medtronic Hugo™ Surgical System

Developed by Medtronic, a global leader in medical technology, the Hugo™ Surgical System is an advanced robotic surgical platform created by surgeons, for surgeons. The Medtronic Hugo™ Surgical System represents a significant advancement in robotic-assisted surgery, empowering surgeons with state-of-the-art technology to deliver high-quality care to patients.

https://www.medtronic.com/covidien/en-gb/robotic-assisted-surgery/hugo-ras-system.html

It is designed to assist surgeons in performing minimally invasive procedures. By integrating advanced robotics with HD 3D vision technology, the system offers surgeons enhanced visual clarity and precision during surgery. Additionally, it provides tactile feedback to surgeons, allowing them to feel resistance and pressure while using the robotic instruments.

Key Features:

• Modular and Portable Design:  The system is modular and portable, providing flexibility in its setup and use.
• Secure and Seamless Video Recording: It offers a secure and seamless video recording option for documentation and analysis of surgical procedures.
• Enhanced Visualization and Instrumentation: The Hugo™ System enhances visualization and provides a range of specialized instruments for precise surgical maneuvers.
• Accessibility and Scalability: The system is designed to be accessible and scalable to accommodate various surgical environments and procedures.

      5. Stereotaxis’ Vdrive Robotic Navigation System 

In a groundbreaking invention, the Vdrive Robotic Navigation System, in tandem with the Niobe ES magnetic navigation system, assists in guiding medical tools for heart diagnosis and treatment. It enhances precision and steadiness for diagnostic and ablation devices, equipped with special features to improve the quality of treatments. These devices ensure precise and sharp movements, maintain high stability, and enable remote, robotic control of diagnostic equipment.

https://www.stereotaxis.com/products/

      6. da Vinci SP Surgical System:

The da Vinci Surgical System, developed by Intuitive Surgical, Inc., is a cutting-edge technology revolutionizing minimally invasive surgery. This American company specializes in creating and advancing robotic products that enhance patient outcomes through surgical procedures, with the da Vinci System being their flagship innovation.

https://www.intuitive.com/en-us/patients/da-vinci-robotic-surgery/about-the-systems

It’s important to clarify that while the da Vinci System is a sophisticated piece of surgical technology, it doesn’t perform surgeries autonomously. Skilled surgeons operate the system from a console, utilizing da Vinci instruments for precise surgical maneuvers.

The da Vinci Surgical System comprises:

Surgeon Console: This is where surgeons sit to control the instruments. They have a high-definition 3D view of the patient’s anatomy.

Patient Cart: Positioned near the patient, this holds the camera and instruments that the surgeon manipulates from the console.

Vision Cart: It facilitates seamless communication between system components and supports the 3D high-definition vision system.

The da Vinci Surgical System offers a range of models including da Vinci Standard, da Vinci S, da Vinci Si, da Vinci X, da Vinci Xi, and da Vinci SP (Single Port), each tailored to specific surgical needs. These systems have significantly advanced the field of minimally invasive surgery, benefiting patients and surgeons alike.

Conclusion

Anything that benefits human health is poised for a bright future. In the upcoming years, we anticipate even greater advancements in robotic surgery. Awareness of this concept will grow, and it will become widely integrated across various medical specialties. The future of robotic surgery promises increasingly sophisticated technology, expanded applications, enhanced patient outcomes, and greater accessibility for individuals worldwide. This field holds immense potential to revolutionize the approach to numerous surgical procedures, making it an exciting and transformative area of healthcare.